Intimidated by all the different types of wine out there? Don't be!
This easy-to-follow guide is your answer to those moments when you freeze upon receiving the wine list at a restaurant, or don't know which wine to bring to your friends dinner, or simply just want to explore the world of wine for yourself at home.
From bold, full bodied reds to crisp, acidic whites, understanding the different types of wine is key to enhancing your enjoyment and mastering the art of wine pairings.
Whether you're a seasoned oenophile or a complete novice, this guide will take you on a journey through the main types of wine which include; Red wines, white wines, Rosé wines, Sparkling wines, Sweet wines, and Fortified wines.
By the end, you'll have the confidence to navigate any wine list and impress your friends with your newfound knowledge.
So many types of wine, so little time– so let's jump in!
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Discover These 5 Must-Try Red Wines
First up, Red wines are perhaps the most well-known and beloved category of wine. Made from different varieties of red grape (or sometimes called black grapes), these wines are characterized by their rich colors, bold flavors, and tannic structure.
The color of red wine comes from the grape skins, which are left in contact with the juice during the wine making process. This contact allows the skins to impart their color, tannins, and flavor compounds into the wine.
Some of the most popular red wine varieties include;
1. Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon is known for its full-bodied and complex profile, boasting notes of black currant, blackberry, and sometimes hints of cedar and tobacco. This typically dry red wine originates from the Bordeaux region of France but is now grown worldwide, including in California, Chile, and Australia.
Pairs Well With:
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Grilled or roasted red meats (steak, lamb, venison)
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Aged hard cheeses (Cheddar, Gouda, Parmesan)
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Dark chocolate desserts
2. Pinot Noir
Pinot Noir, a light red, is renowned for its delicate and nuanced flavors, often showcasing red fruit characteristics like cherry and raspberry, along with earthy and floral undertones. This elegant red wine hails from the Burgundy region of France but is also prominently grown in Oregon, California, New Zealand, and Australia. Its subtle complexity and lighter body make it a versatile wine for pairing with a range of cuisines.
Pairs Well With:
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Roasted poultry (duck, chicken)
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Mushroom-based dishes
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Soft cheeses (Brie, Camembert)
3. Merlot
Merlot offers a softer and more approachable profile compared to Cabernet Sauvignon, with flavors of plum, blackberry, and chocolate. This medium-bodied red wine originated in the Bordeaux region of France but has gained popularity in many other wine regions, including California, Washington State, and Italy.
Pairs Well With:
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Grilled or roasted pork and beef
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Pasta dishes with tomato-based sauces
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Semisoft cheeses (Gouda, Havarti)
Other classic red wines to note include;
4. Syrah (Shiraz)
Syrah, also known as Shiraz in Australia, displays bold and spicy flavors of blackberry, pepper, and smoky notes. This full-bodied red wine originates from the Rhône Valley in France but has found a second home in Australia, where it has become one of the country's most popular red varieties. Its robust flavors and firm tannins make it an excellent match for rich, flavorful dishes.
5. Malbec
Malbec is known for its deep color, robust tannins, and flavors of red and black fruits, and spice. While originally from France, this bold red wine has found its new home in Argentina, where it has become the country's signature grape. Malbec's rich, fruit profile and smooth finish make it a perfect companion to a variety of meat-based dishes.
Meet the White Wine Family
White wines are a refreshing and versatile category, offering a huge range of flavors, aromas, and textures. Produced from green-skinned, and white grapes or from red grapes with minimal skin contact. White wines can range from crisp and light-bodied to rich and full-bodied.
When you think of white wine, think two words "freshness" and "acidity".
Some of the most popular white wine types include:
1. Chardonnay
Chardonnay is one of the most popular white wine varieties, known for its versatility and adaptability to different winemaking techniques. Unoaked Chardonnay showcases crisp and fresh flavors of green apple, lemon, and pear, while oaked versions offer a richer profile with notes of vanilla, butter, and toasted bread. This grape variety is widely grown in many regions, including Burgundy in France, California, Australia, and Chile.
Pairs Well With:-
Roasted chicken or turkey
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Creamy pasta dishes (Alfredo, carbonara)
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Soft, creamy cheeses (Brie, Camembert)
2. Sauvignon Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc is another beloved white wine, celebrated for its vibrant acidity and herbaceous characteristics, often displaying flavors of gooseberry, lime, and grass. This refreshing white wine is originally from the Loire Valley and Bordeaux regions of France but is now widely produced in New Zealand, Chile, and California. Its crisp and zesty profile makes it an excellent choice for warm weather and light food pairing.
Pairs Well With:
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Salads with goat cheese, or citrus-based dressings
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Grilled or sautéed fish (sole, tilapia, sea bass)
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Oysters and other shellfish
We actually put Coravin inventor and Founder Greg Lambrecht to the test on a few Sauvignon Blancs a while ago, want to know how he did? Check out the video below!
3. Riesling
Riesling is a white grape variety that can produce wines ranging from bone-dry to lusciously sweet. German Rieslings are renowned for their balance of sweetness and acidity, while dry Rieslings from regions like Austria and Alsace offer a crisp and mineral-driven profile.
Pairs well with:
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Spicy Asian dishes (Thai, Indian, Chinese)
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Sushi and sashimi
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Fruit-based desserts (apple pie, peach cobbler)
Other white wines to note include;
4. Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris
Pinot Grigio, also known as Pinot Gris, is a light-bodied and refreshing white wine with subtle flavors of citrus, apple, and almond. Originating from Italy, this white wine is also prominently produced in France (where it is called Pinot Gris), Oregon, and California.
Its crisp and easy-drinking nature makes it a popular choice for casual gatherings and light meals.
5. Moscato
Moscato is a sweet and aromatic white wine with flavors of peach, apricot, and orange blossom. Originating from Italy, this white wine is known for its low alcohol content and slightly sparkling (frizzante) style. Moscato's sweet and fruity profile makes it a great choice for desserts and as an aperitif.
Of course this wouldn't be a complete guide to different types of wine, without mentioning the funkier bonus varietals such as;
6. Orange Wine
Orange wine, also known as skin-contact white wine, is a unique style of white wine produced by leaving the grape skin in contact with the juice during fermentation, similar to the process used for red wines.
This extended skin contact imparts a deeper color (ranging from pale amber to deep orange), tannic structure, and complex flavors to the wine. Orange wines often display notes of dried fruits, nuts, and spices, and pair well with bold and savory dishes.
7. Vinho Verde
The green one–Vinho Verde is a refreshing and light-bodied white wine from the Minho region of Portugal. Made from indigenous grape varieties like Alvarinho, Loureiro, and Trajadura, Vinho Verde is known for its slight effervescence, crisp acidity, and low alcohol content. These wines often showcase flavors of citrus, green apple, and mineral notes, making them perfect for sipping on a warm day or pairing with light seafood dishes and salads.
Gray Wine (Vin Gris)
Gray wine, also known as "Vin Gris" or "Gris de Gris," is a unique and often overlooked style of wine that bridges the gap between white and rosé wines. Produced primarily in the Lorraine region of France, gray wine is made from red grapes like Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Gris, but with minimal skin contact during fermentation. This process results in a pale, grayish-pink hued wine with delicate flavors of red fruits, citrus, and mineral notes.
Gray wines are typically light-bodied and refreshing, making them ideal for summertime sipping or pairing with light fare like salads, seafood, and soft cheeses.
Remember These 3 Rosé Wines
Rosé wines have gained immense popularity in recent years, offering a delightful middle ground between red and white wines. These wines are made from red grape varieties, but the skins are only left in contact with the juice for a short period, resulting in the characteristic pink hue.
Rosé wines can range from pale blush to deep pink, depending on the grape varieties used and the length of skin contact.
While there are many varieties, here's just 3 Old World Rosé's to master today;
1. Provence Rosé
Provence, located in the south of France, is arguably the most famous region for rosé wine production. Provence rosés are known for their pale, salmon-pink color and crisp, dry profile. These wines are typically made from a blend of wine grapes, including Grenache, Cinsault, and Syrah. Provence rosés are celebrated for their delicate flavors of strawberry, peach, and herbs.
2. Spanish Rosado
In Spain, rosé wines are known as rosados and are made from a variety of indigenous wine grapes, such as Tempranillo and Garnacha. Spanish rosados tend to have a deeper pink color and more pronounced fruity flavors compared to their French counterparts. These wines often showcase notes of ripe strawberry, raspberry, and cherry, along with a hint of spice.
3. Italian Rosato
Italian rosé wines, known as rosato, are produced throughout the country using a wide range of grape varieties. Some notable regions for rosato include Puglia (made from Negroamaro grapes) and Abruzzo (made from Montepulciano grapes). Italian rosatos often have a slightly darker color and more robust flavors compared to French rosés, with notes of cherry, raspberry, and herbs.
What About New World Rosé?
Many New World wine regions, such as California, Australia, and Chile, also produce excellent rosé wines. These wines are often made from wine grapes like Pinot Noir, Merlot, and Sangiovese. New World rosés can vary in style, from crisp and light to more full-bodied and fruity, depending on the region and winemaking techniques.
Looking for a twist on Rose and Spritz? Why not try this quick Rosénade recipe below!
The 4 Iconic Sparkling Wines to Know
Sparkling wines are synonymous with celebration and festivity, adding a touch of bubbly fun and elegance to any occasion. These wines are characterized by their bubbles, which are created through a secondary fermentation process. The two main methods of producing sparkling wine are the traditional method, used in Champagne, and the tank method, employed in the production of Prosecco.
1. Champagne
Champagne, hailing from the Champagne region of France, is the most renowned and prestigious sparkling wine. Made from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Meunier grapes, Champagne undergoes a secondary fermentation in the bottle, resulting in its fine and persistent bubbles. Champagne can range from brut (dry) to doux (sweet), offering a complex profile with notes of citrus, brioche, and almond.
Brut Champagne pairs wonderfully with oysters, caviar, and fried appetizers, while sweeter styles like demi-sec complement fruit-based desserts and pastries.
2. Prosecco
Prosecco, originating from Italy, is a popular and affordable alternative to Champagne. Made primarily from the Glera grape, Prosecco is produced using the tank method, resulting in a lighter and fruitier profile with larger bubbles.
Prosecco's light and fruity nature makes it an excellent aperitif and a perfect match for light seafood dishes and creamy risottos.
3. Cava
Cava is a Spanish sparkling wine made using the traditional method, similar to Champagne. Produced primarily in the Catalonia region, Cava is crafted from indigenous grape varieties like Macabeo, Parellada, and Xarel-lo. Cava offers a crisp and refreshing profile with notes of green apple, citrus, and a hint of nuttiness.
It pairs well with Spanish tapas, seafood paella, and aged cheeses.
4. Sparkling Rosé
Sparkling rosé wines are made from red grape varieties, with the skins left in contact with the juice for a short period to impart the delightful pink color. These wines offer a lovely combination of the freshness and fizz of sparkling wine with the floral notes of rosé.
Sparkling rosé pairs beautifully with berry-based desserts, grilled seafood, and spicy Asian cuisines.
Fortified Wines 101
Fortified wines are a unique category of wines that have been "fortified" with the addition of a distilled spirit, typically brandy. This process increases the alcohol content of the wine and alters its flavor profile, resulting in a rich and complex beverage. The most well-known fortified wines include Port, Sherry, and Madeira, each with its own distinct characteristics and production methods.
Port
Port, hailing from the Douro Valley in Portugal, is made by adding brandy to halt the fermentation process, leaving residual sugar in the wine. This results in a sweet and full-bodied wine with flavors of dark fruits, chocolate, and spices. Port can be aged for decades, developing complex and nutty flavors over time. Port pairs wonderfully with rich and decadent desserts like chocolate cake and blue cheese.
Sherry
Sherry, originating from the Jerez region of Spain, is a fortified wine that undergoes a unique aging process called the solera system. Sherry can range from dry and crisp styles like Fino and Manzanilla to rich and sweet varieties like Oloroso and Pedro Ximénez. These wines offer a complex array of flavors, including almonds, caramel, and dried fruits. Dry Sherry styles are perfect companions to tapas, olives, and cured meats.
Vermouth
Vermouth is a fortified wine that has been aromatized with herbs, spices, and botanicals. It can be either sweet or dry, with the sweet style often served as an aperitif and the dry style commonly used in cocktails like the Martini and Manhattan. Vermouth pairs well with olives, cured meats, and pickled vegetables.
Fortified wines are often enjoyed as aperitifs or digestifs, sipped on their own or paired with specific foods. These wines offer a unique and complex flavor experience, with each style showcasing its own distinctive characteristics.
A Mini-Guide to Sweet Wines
Sweet wines are a delightful category of wines that offer a luscious and indulgent experience. These wines are characterized by their higher levels of residual sugar, which can be achieved through various methods.
Some sweet wines are made from grapes that have been left on the vine to concentrate their sugars, while others are produced by halting the fermentation process early, leaving unfermented sugar in the wine.
Sauternes
One of the most famous sweet wines is Sauternes, hailing from the Bordeaux region of France. Made from Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle grapes affected by noble rot (a beneficial fungus), Sauternes offers a rich and honeyed profile with flavors of apricot, peach, and caramel. Sauternes is a classic companion to foie gras, fruit-based desserts, and blue cheese.
Ice Wine
Another renowned sweet wine is Ice Wine, produced from grapes that have been frozen on the vine, concentrating their sugars and flavors. Ice Wine is known for its intense sweetness balanced by high acidity, with flavors of honey, tropical fruits, and citrus. Ice Wine pairs beautifully with fruit tarts, vanilla ice cream, and rich pâtés.
Tokaji
Tokaji, or Tokaji Aszú, is a sweet wine from Hungary made from botrytized grapes, primarily Furmint. The grapes are hand-picked and mixed with a base wine to create a sweet, concentrated wine with flavors of apricot, orange marmalade, and honey.
Tokaji pairs well with foie gras, fruit-based desserts, and strong, blue cheeses.
Varietal Wines vs. Blends
When exploring the world of wine, you'll often come across the terms "varietal wines" and "blends."
Varietal wines are made primarily from a single grape variety, allowing the characteristics of that grape to shine through. Examples of varietal wines include Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Sauvignon Blanc. These wines showcase the unique flavors, aromas, and structural elements of the specific grape variety.
On the other hand, wine blends are crafted by combining two or more grape varieties, each contributing its own unique qualities to create a harmonious and complex wine. Blending is an art that allows winemakers to balance flavors, aromas, and textures, resulting in wines with greater depth and complexity.
Famous wine blends include Bordeaux-style blends, which often combine Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc, and Rhône-style blends like GSM (Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre).
Other notable blends include Super Tuscans from Italy, which often feature a combination of Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot. Blending allows winemakers to achieve balance, consistency, and unique flavor profiles that may not be possible with a single grape variety. Some wine regions, such as Bordeaux, have specific regulations regarding the use of certain grape varieties in their blends.
Wine Tasting and Appreciation
To fully appreciate the diverse world of wine, it's essential to develop your wine tasting skills.
Take a listen to Greg Lambrecht on why comparative tasting is the way to go for deciding which wines you TRULY love.
What Types of Wine Will You Explore?
The world of wine is a vast and enchanting one, offering an endless array of flavors, aromas, and experiences. As you embark on your wine journey, remember don't be afraid to step out of your comfort zone and try new varieties and styles.
To make your wine exploration even more accessible and enjoyable, consider using a Coravin Timeless, Pivot+ or Coravin Sparkling at home.
These easy-to-use devices allow you to taste multiple wines without committing to opening entire bottles, giving you the freedom to explore a wide range of flavors and styles with no pressure.
Sounds heveanly right? Imagine just dipping into different types of wine any time you like!